China-Vatican Relations: A Delicate Balance

Recently, the Patriotic Catholic Association and the Episcopal Conference of China, both under the influence of the Beijing government and the Communist Party, sent a congratulatory message to the new Pope Leo XIV on his election. This gesture, reported by the state agency Xinhua, marks a significant moment in the relations between China and the Holy See, which continue to be characterized by an intrinsic complexity.

Agreement on the appointment of bishops

Despite the lack of formal diplomatic ties, China and the Vatican have extended to 2024 the historic 2018 agreement, desired by Pope Francis, regarding the joint appointment of bishops in China. The agreement was designed to promote religious freedom, allowing Catholics to live their faith more peacefully. However, it has drawn criticism, especially among members of the underground church, who remain loyal to the Holy See and see the agreement as a potential betrayal.

The challenges of sinicization

In recent years, China has intensified its policies of sinicization of religions, an initiative promoted by President Xi Jinping. These policies aim to ensure that all religious practices are in line with the directives of the Communist Party, creating internal tensions between the different Catholic factions. The Holy See, for its part, maintains official relations with Taiwan, further complicating the situation. Despite Pope Francis's overtures toward China, the recent exclusions of Chinese bishops from significant events, such as Francis's funeral, raise questions about Beijing's real intentions towards the Catholic Church.