What are the side effects of baking soda?

Baking soda is one of the most commonly used household products. It's used to relieve heartburn, clean surfaces, whiten teeth, and even deodorize. However, although it's easy to obtain and seemingly harmless, excessive or improper use can cause side effects that are worth knowing to avoid health risks.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is a compound salt that acts as a natural antacid . It neutralizes excess stomach acid and is therefore included in some home remedies for indigestion. It is also used in cooking as a leavening agent, in cleaning as a mild disinfectant, and in personal care to combat unpleasant odors.

Although its versatility makes it popular, not all uses of baking soda are safe unless precautions are followed.

When consumed in large quantities, baking soda can cause gas, bloating, and diarrhea . By producing carbon dioxide when it comes into contact with stomach acids, it can cause pressure and discomfort.

In some cases, it can cause a rebound effect: after an initial improvement in heartburn, the stomach produces even more acid, worsening symptoms.

Prolonged or excessive use of bicarbonate can disrupt the body's acid-base balance and lead to metabolic alkalosis , a condition in which the blood becomes too alkaline. This can cause:

• Mental confusion
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Muscle spasms
• Extreme fatigue

Alkalosis can be serious if not treated properly, especially in people with kidney or heart disease.

Baking soda contains sodium , so excessive consumption can raise blood pressure. People with hypertension, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease should avoid it, as it can aggravate these conditions and cause fluid retention.

Bicarbonate may interfere with the absorption of certain medications , such as:

• Antibiotics (tetracyclines)
• Aspirin and other salicylates
• Heart medications

Additionally, by changing the pH of the stomach or urine, it can affect the efficacy or toxicity of some drugs. It's always advisable to consult a doctor before using this product if you are under medical treatment.

Although many people use baking soda as a teeth whitener , frequent use can wear down tooth enamel due to its abrasive action. It can also irritate gums if applied forcefully or too often.

As a homemade deodorant or treatment for foot odor, it can be effective, but in some people it causes skin irritation or allergic reactions.

To avoid side effects, follow these recommendations:

• Do not consume more than one teaspoon dissolved in water per day , and not for more than 2 consecutive days without medical supervision.
• Avoid use if you have kidney problems, high blood pressure, or are pregnant .
• Do not give to small children without professional advice.
• If you're using it for cleansing or personal care, test on your skin first to check for sensitivity.

Baking soda can be an ally in cooking, cleaning, and health, but like any home remedy, it should be used with caution. Its side effects can be mild or severe, depending on the dosage and frequency. It's best to consult a healthcare professional before including it regularly in your routine. The key is to use it in moderation and with knowledge.