What are rare earths? These are the essential materials for the technology of the future
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Rare earths are a group of 17 chemical elements with unique properties that make them indispensable for a wide variety of technological applications. Despite their name, they are not particularly rare in the Earth's crust, but their extraction and processing can be complex, making them strategic resources in global industry.
These elements, which include neodymium, terbium, cerium and yttrium , are known for their optical, magnetic and electrical properties. Thanks to these properties, they play a fundamental role in sectors such as electronics, renewable energy and the automotive industry.
Terbium and yttrium are key in the manufacture of high-resolution screens for smartphones and televisions, as they allow for the reproduction of precise colours. Cerium, meanwhile, is used in catalytic converters in cars to reduce the emission of polluting gases.
One of the most prominent uses of rare earths is the manufacture of high-performance permanent magnets. Elements such as neodymium and praseodymium make it possible to develop efficient electric motors , used in electric vehicles and wind turbines. These motors can transform electricity stored in batteries in motion or, conversely, convert wind energy into electricity when used in wind turbines.
Rare earths are also essential in the production of advanced medical devices, defense systems, fiber optics and cutting-edge batteries . Its importance has grown in recent years with the rise of the energy transition and the demand for more sustainable technologies.
Despite their crucial role in industry, their extraction presents environmental and geopolitical challenges. Mining and processing these elements can generate toxic waste and affect ecosystems if not managed properly. In addition, their production is concentrated in a few countries, which can generate dependency and volatility in markets.
eleconomista