How does extreme heat affect workplaces?

Extreme heat in workshops and enclosed work areas with heat sources, such as bakeries, restaurant kitchens, foundries, and steel mills, can reduce productivity and increase health risks. Therefore, the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) recommends hydrating regularly and taking frequent breaks to prevent dehydration, exhaustion, and heat stroke.

Dr. Gabriel Alejandro Real Ornelas, head of the Toxicology and Environmental Health area of ​​the Occupational Health Coordination of Social Security, reported temperatures above 32 degrees Celsius (°C) can reduce concentration and increase the risk of workplace accidents by almost 10 percent.

He explained that during heat waves, temperatures in factories and workshops without adequate ventilation can increase by an additional 5°C to 10°C, worsening working conditions.

He mentioned that extreme heat can cause dehydration, exhaustion, heat stroke, and cardiovascular problems, and that prolonged exposure also increases the risk of chronic kidney disease and worsens respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. He noted that deteriorating physical and mental health can increase the likelihood of workplace accidents, including falls, injuries, and other serious accidents, due to decreased attention and responsiveness.

The doctor stressed that in factories without adequate ventilation the temperature can increase significantly due to the accumulation of heat generated by machinery and industrial processes, especially in places with metallic surfaces, such as aluminum, which retain and reflect heat.

Therefore, he stressed the importance of implementing measures to improve ventilation, such as installing exhaust fans, industrial fans, and optimizing airflow through strategic placement of windows and doors.

To protect the health of workers in hot environments, it is recommended to consume water regularly to prevent dehydration. For moderate activities lasting less than two hours, it is advisable to drink approximately one cup of water (240 ml) every 15 to 20 minutes, which is equivalent to a consumption of between 0.7 and 1 liter per hour.

He noted that fluid intake should not exceed six cups per hour (approximately 1.4 liters) to avoid the risk of hyponatremia. The water should be kept at a temperature below 15 °C and should be available in accessible locations near the work area. The specialist mentioned that it is suggested to take frequent breaks in cool areas, wear light and breathable clothing, and avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or intense heat sources.

"It's crucial that workers be alert to the early signs of heat exhaustion, such as dizziness, nausea, fatigue, or excessive sweating, and if they experience any related symptoms, they should immediately report them to their supervisor or the company's medical service for appropriate care," he said.

Dr. Real Ornelas emphasized the importance of prevention and early intervention to avoid serious health effects. He also encouraged everyone to take advantage of the resources of the IMSS's Safe and Healthy Work Environments (ELSSA) program, which offers tools and training to promote a safe and healthy work environment for workers.