Oil from the east is flowing through Poland to Germany. There will be even more of it.

Last month's result, however, means a reduction in Germany's imports of Kazakh oil. In May, our western neighbor purchased and imported approximately 230,000 tons of the raw material from the former Soviet republic. Experts believe this is a temporary reduction in the amount of oil pumped.

Initially, Kazakhstan's state-owned company KazMunaiGas announced that Kazakhstan plans to send 1.5 million tons of crude oil to Germany via the Druzhba pipeline in 2025, the same amount as in 2024.

However, all indications are that more oil will be shipped. The latest forecast for this year is 2 million tons.

Kazakh oil primarily reaches customers in eastern Germany, where it has replaced crude from Russia.

This one is now under sanctions after Moscow attacked Ukraine. Another issue is that Russia's current credibility as a supplier of this country's strategic fuel security is negligible.

Kazakhstan is a major oil producer. According to data from the country's Ministry of Energy, last year's crude oil production reached 87.7 million tons.

Kazakhstan's biggest problem is the export of raw materials. Due to its lack of access to the sea, Astana must rely on other countries, including Russia, for its exports.